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- MEDICINE, Page 56A Medical Accident?
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- New speculation links polio vaccine to the birth of AIDS
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- Devastated by outbreaks of paralytic polio, the people of
- the Belgian Congo (now Zaire) had every reason to be thankful in
- 1957, when they became the first large group to receive an
- experimental polio vaccine. Ironically, the quest for
- deliverance from this ancient scourge may have made them
- unwitting participants in the birth of a new plague -- AIDS.
- That, at least, is the contention of a speculative but
- intriguing article in Rolling Stone.
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- The oral vaccine, developed by Dr. Hilary Koprowski of
- Philadelphia's Wistar Institute, was made from weakened polio
- viruses grown in a culture of monkey kidney cells. Several
- monkey viruses have been known to contaminate such cultures,
- though vaccine makers now take pains to weed them out.
- Extrapolating from a number of coincidences -- the testing of
- the vaccine in the very site where AIDS is thought to have
- begun; Koprowski's recollection that he cultured the virus in
- the tissue of green monkeys, a species that harbors a virus
- similar to HIV -- writer Tom Curtis hypothesizes that the
- vaccine was contaminated with a virus that evolved into the
- deadly HIV. From equatorial Africa, it spread worldwide.
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- There are problems with the theory. It is not clear that
- HIV can survive oral ingestion. Also, if the noxious seed was
- sown in the '50s, why didn't African doctors notice it sooner?
- Curtis offers possible explanations, but the clearest resolution
- would be to test the original vaccine stocks, still on ice at
- Wistar, for HIV-like viruses. Wistar officials last week said
- they would form a committee "to evaluate the Rolling Stone
- speculations." Meanwhile, there is no reason to worry about
- standard polio vaccines: they are rigorously screened for
- contamination.
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